Participants searched for discrepant fear-relevant pictures (snakes or spiders) in grid-pattern arrays of fear-irrelevant pictures belonging to the same category (flowers or mushrooms) and vice versa. Fear-relevant pictures were found more quickly than fear-irrelevant ones. Fear-relevant, but not fear-irrelevant, search was unaffected by the location of the target in the display and by the number of distractors, which suggests parallel search for fear-relevant targets and serial search for fear-irrelevant targets. Participants specifically fearful of snakes but not spiders (or vice versa) showed facilitated search for the feared objects but did not differ from controls in search for nonfeared fear-relevant or fear-irrelevant, targets. Thus, evolutionary relevant threatening stimuli were effective in capturing attention, and this effect was further facilitated if the stimulus was emotionally provocative.
In the episode, we saw Earl emerge as an early Snake suspect thanks to his seeming inability to throw a small object to shore during a challenge. But misdirection clues referencing "passing the bar" and tangling with an alligator that seemed to point to Yul (who holds a law degree) and Jeff (who was even wearing an alligator belt) confused the group. That confusion enabled the actual snake of Malcolm to go undetected, landing the three-time Survivor player the $100,000 prize.
Snake in the Grass
Snakes and primates have coexisted in mutual predator-prey relationships for about 100 mya [15], but the extent of exposure has varied across continents, as the result of migration and the breaking up of the southern supercontinent Gondwana [8]. Isbell [8] argues that this variation has produced correlations between evolutionary snake exposure, on the one hand, and fear of snakes and advanced vision in different primate species, on the other. Thus, African monkeys and apes have been continuously exposed to snakes for about 100 my, are uniformly afraid of snakes, and have the most advanced visual system among primates. In contrast, the lemurs of Madagascar, who have a history with very little snake exposure, do not fear snakes and have poor vision. The New World monkeys, finally, who were given a reprieve from snakes that lasted for about 30 my when emigrating from Africa to South America, show variable visual systems and fear of snakes, suggesting less consistent long-term predatory pressure from snakes.
Currently, few studies have been directly designed to test predictions from the SDT. Van Le et al. [30] showed through single cell recordings in the Macaque pulvinar nucleus that many cells were specifically responsive to snakes, compared to control stimuli. Moreover, Van Strien and colleagues [31] demonstrated earlier capture of visual attention for snakes (compared to spiders and birds), reflected in larger early posterior negativity for this stimulus. However, the experimental paradigm serving as basis for these findings only included passive viewing of the stimuli without any measures of overt or covert visual attention. Two studies from our laboratory have manipulated specific factors depicted from the SDT [32], [33]. The results showed that snakes more potently capture attention than spiders (and mushrooms) under high perceptual load conditions [34]. However, those preliminary studies were designed to open the avenue for the extensive behavioral testing presented in the present study. In the present study, we further increased the perceptual complexity of stimulus displays under several conditions known to deplete attentional resources, to delimitate the conditions where snakes reliably capture attention. Because the SDT holds that snake detection is part of a defense system, with snake avoidance as its evolutionary function, understanding how snakes affect attention on the behavioral level with systematic and robust experimental testing is paramount for examining the SDT [34] predictions.
Upper left: Arrangement of the images in the display in the four foveal locations (A), twelve parafoveal locations (B), and twenty peripheral locations (C) (1.2, 3.4, and 5.7, respectively) in Exp.2. Upper right: Example of a display with 3 items and a target picture (mushroom) in the periphery. Bottom left: Example of a display with 12 items and a target picture (snake) in the parafovea. Bottom right: Example of a display with 18 items and the target picture (spider) in the fovea.
Finally, the results showed that, in general, there was a larger interference (longer RTs) for displays including a fear-relevant stimulus (snake and spider distractors), than a neutral one (mushroom) (p
In contrast, spiders were more efficiently detected than snakes when presented foveally (Experiment 2). In this condition the task simply required detection and identification of the target without any need either to disengage attention from the fixation cross or to move it to the spatial location of the target [47]. The efficient detection of foveally, but not peripherally, presented spider targets suggest that some highly diagnostic piece of information was available at foveal, but not at peripheral vision. Visual acuity is at its optimum in the fovea but sharply and nonlinearly decline towards the visual periphery [48]. Foveal ganglion cells primarily project to the cortex via the dense, slow conducting parvocellular pathway, while the retinal periphery projects via the low resolution, but rapidly conducting magnocellular pathway [49]. For example, the legs of spiders might be less salient in low resolution peripheral vision, because they require the high visual acuity mediated by the parvocellular pathways for analysis (e.g., [50]). In contrast, the salience of snake features appear to be relatively invariant across the visual field, as indicated by the flat RT slopes in Experiment 2 (see Fig. 5), presumably reflecting magnocellular projections from the retinal periphery. Importantly, these differences pertain to the natural objects (i.e., snakes and spiders), and not to idiosyncrasies of the stimulus material. The images depicting snakes and spiders, respectively, did not differ in spatial frequency power at any range of the frequency spectrum (see SEM). In addition, in the final experiment (Experiment 4), stimuli were drawn from a different set of images controlled for luminance and contrast and presented devoid of background distractors.
The show he was filming was finally announced over the weekend. USA Network ordered a few new series and one of them is a social experiment fronted by Bones. The show is called Snake in the Grass which will see four strangers get dropped into the wild and have a chance to win $100,000. But in order to win, the team must figure out which one of them is the "snake" - aka the one sabotaging every move of the group.
Bones shared some more details during The Bobby Bones Show today (May 16). The TV series will also be on the streaming service Peacock. Bones admitted he didn't know it was going to be on USA Network until the announcement came out. While in Costa Rica, Bones said they shot 8 episodes and the show is a solid mix of things like Survivor, The Mole, and Clue. He also didn't know during the filming who was the "snake" of each group.
A snake in the grass is an idiom that extends back into antiquity. An idiom is a word, group of words or phrase that has a figurative meaning that is not easily deduced from its literal meaning. We will examine the meaning of the phrase snake in the grass, where it came from and some examples of its use in sentences.
Which is worst -- the screaming rage-a-holic boss, the politically obsessed schemer who will step on anyone's face necessary to keep climbing, or the snake in the grass who pretends to be your biggest supporter until s/he strikes? That's a tough call.
A snake in the grass manager -- or co-worker, or subordinate team member for that matter - would never open the vault to bare his or her soul the way Mara's interviewer did. A snake in the grass is someone who tells you they trust you, they like you and they only have your best interest in mind.
One time my dear snake in the grass boss asked me to accompany her on a business trip. I was about 24 and very jazzed to go. We traveled to a big sales meeting. I had been talking to some of our sales reps for years without having met them in person. The meeting was very warm and fun.
Over and over my snakey boss said "Please make allowances for Liz, who hasn't done much business travel before" and "Thank you for your kindness to Liz, who really doesn't know anything about the protocol for sales meetings."
I was so embarrassed on behalf of our company that I turned six or seven colors. I had no credit card at all back then. My boss lasted another few months at the company. I hope she evolved out of her snakelike form into human form and lost some of her fear along the way.
The Snake in the Grass boss is a tough one. Many of us have fallen for a snake's charms once or several times. The good news is that once we are bitten, we won't be so easily hit by the same snake again. Life is all about learning, and wildly miscast bosses do their part to keep our muscles growing!
Pass through Lalaia and Kephisos Spring. Follow the path until it's time to call Ikaros. Find the target and head up the mountain to the Snake Temple. There is a huge, winding snake skeleton wrapping around the ruins of a temple. Stick to the right of the ruins and up a path to a cave. There are several guards on the way up; take them out quietly.
For the most glamorous way to bake, slide your grass inside our snake. Animal attraction, supreme style and brass, delivered to your finger by Her Highness, Snake in the Grass. Her Highness takes statement jewelry and form follows function to the next level. Not your fun aunt's roach clip, this cannabis jewelry wraps around your finger leaving you to smoke, talk, and linger without having to touch the joint. Put your pre-roll in the snake's mouth and this luxury smoking accessory holds it for you, leaving you to puff and pose in style. This joint holder is one size, somewhat adjustable, and comes in a satin lined box perfect for gifting to others or yourself. It's a snake! It's a ring! It's your new favorite thing... 2ff7e9595c
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